|
ハプログループA (Y染色体)（ハプログループA (Yせんしょくたい)、英: Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)）とは分子人類学において人類の父系を示すY染色体ハプログループ（型集団）の分類である。他のY染色体ハプログループと異なり、特定の変異で定義されるものではなく、ハプログループの系統樹の最も根に近いグループを側系統としてまとめたものである。20万年ほど前にアフリカで誕生したと考えられる〔equivalent to an estimate of the age of the human Y-MRCA (see there); including the A00 lineage, Elhaik et al. (2014) estimate a 95% confidence interval of 163,900 to 260,200 ybp.〕が、さらに古く33万年前に遡るA00系統も発見されている。しかし、逆にこの発見を従来の知見に矛盾しない形で解釈する報告もされている（後述）。 ==頻度== コイサン語族話者や東アフリカのなどに高頻度である。 *Tsumkwe San 66%〔Wood ET, Stover DA, Ehret C et al. (July 2005). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 13 (7): 867–76. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408. PMID 15856073. 〕 *ナマ人 64%〔Wood ET, Stover DA, Ehret C et al. (July 2005). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 13 (7): 867–76. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408. PMID 15856073. 〕 *ディンカ族 62%〔28/53 (Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk), Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME (November 2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history" (PDF). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 137 (3): 316–23. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.〕 *シルック族 53%〔28/53 (Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk), Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME (November 2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history" (PDF). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 137 (3): 316–23. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.〕 *ヌバ族 46%〔28/53 (Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk), Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME (November 2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history" (PDF). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 137 (3): 316–23. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.〕 *コイサン人 44%〔Underhill PA, Shen P, Lin AA et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nat. Genet. 26 (3): 358–61. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID 11062480. 〕 *エチオピアユダヤ人 41%〔Cruciani F, Santolamazza P, Shen P et al. (May 2002). "A back migration from Asia to sub-Saharan Africa is supported by high-resolution analysis of human Y-chromosome haplotypes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (5): 1197–214. doi:10.1086/340257. PMC 447595. PMID 11910562. 〕〔Shen P, Lavi T, Kivisild T et al. (September 2004). "Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation". Hum. Mutat. 24 (3): 248–60. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. PMID 15300852. 〕 *ǃKung ~40% 〔Wood ET, Stover DA, Ehret C et al. (July 2005). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 13 (7): 867–76. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408. PMID 15856073. 〕〔Cruciani F, Santolamazza P, Shen P et al. (May 2002). "A back migration from Asia to sub-Saharan Africa is supported by high-resolution analysis of human Y-chromosome haplotypes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (5): 1197–214. doi:10.1086/340257. PMC 447595. PMID 11910562. 〕 *Borgu 35%〔28/53 (Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk), Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME (November 2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history" (PDF). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 137 (3): 316–23. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.〕 *ヌエル族 33%〔28/53 (Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk), Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME (November 2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history" (PDF). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 137 (3): 316–23. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.〕 *フール人 31%〔28/53 (Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk), Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME (November 2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history" (PDF). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 137 (3): 316–23. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.〕 *マサイ族 27%〔28/53 (Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk), Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME (November 2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history" (PDF). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 137 (3): 316–23. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.〕 *ナラ人 20%〔Cruciani F, Trombetta B, Sellitto D et al. (July 2010). "Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 18 (7): 800–7. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.231. PMC 2987365. PMID 20051990. 〕 など 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ハプログループA (Y染色体)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|